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Glycosides
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D006027 |
[Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
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Glycosphingolipids
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D006028 |
[Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)
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Glycosuria
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D006029 |
[The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).
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Glycosuria, Renal
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D006030 |
[An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.
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Glycosylation
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D006031 |
[The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase
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D054800 |
[A type C phospholipase specific for GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS. It plays a role in the breaking of GPI MEMBRANE ANCHORS.
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
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D017261 |
[Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They anchor GPI-LINKED PROTEINS or polysaccharides to cell membranes.
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Glycosyltransferases
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D016695 |
[Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.
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Glycylglycine
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D006033 |
[The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.
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Glycyrrhetinic Acid
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D006034 |
[An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.
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Glycyrrhiza
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D006035 |
[A genus of leguminous herbs or shrubs whose roots yield GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID and its derivative, CARBENOXOLONE.
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Glycyrrhiza uralensis
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D029882 |
[A plant species of the family FABACEAE.
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Glycyrrhizic Acid
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D019695 |
[A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Glymphatic System
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D000077502 |
[A vascular waste clearance system in the brain analogous to the lymphatic system that facilitates transporting of solutes and waste products from CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) and brain INTERSTITIAL FLUID (ISF). CSF from the SUBARACHNOID SPACE enters the brain periarterial spaces, into the interstitium via channels (e.g., AQUAPORIN 4 PROTEIN) on astrocytic endfeet and exchanges with brain ISF before perivenous drainage of solutes and waste.
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Glyoxal
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D006037 |
[A 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.
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Glyoxylates
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D006038 |
[Derivatives of glyoxylic acid (the structural formula C2H2O3), including its salts and esters.
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Glyoxysomes
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D020676 |
[Microbodies which occur in plant cells, and in some eukaryotic microorganisms, and which contain enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. (Singleton and Stainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
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Glypicans
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D053673 |
[A family of GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-anchored, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that may play a role in CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION by modulating ligand-receptor interactions.
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Gnaphalium
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D036622 |
[A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of cudweed is also used for other plants including Evax, Hesperevax, Pseudognaphalium, and Omalotheca. The common name of everlasting is also used for other plants including Anaphalis, Antennaria, HELICHRYSUM, Gamochaeta, and Pseudognaphalium.
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Gnathostoma
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D006039 |
[A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.
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