All individuals in MeSH

Label Id Description
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic D058893 [Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode". , A chosen region of DNA, about 650 basepair long, from a precise location in a well characterized, constitutively- expressed gene that is known to vary more between species than between individuals of a species. For example, a precise portion of the mitochondrial gene for CYCLOOXYGENASE 1 has been used as a standard DNA barcode for animals. ]
DNA Breaks D053960 [Interruptions in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. ]
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded D053903 [Interruptions in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, across both strands adjacently. ]
DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded D053904 [Interruptions in one of the strands of the sugar-phosphate backbone of double-stranded DNA. ]
DNA Cleavage D053837 [A reaction that severs one of the covalent sugar-phosphate linkages between NUCLEOTIDES that compose the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic - removing the end nucleotide, or endonucleolytic - splitting the strand in two. ]
DNA Contamination D059018 [The presence of DNA from a source foreign to the sample being analysed. ]
DNA Copy Number Variations D056915 [Stretches of genomic DNA that exist in different multiples between individuals. Many copy number variations have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease. ]
DNA Damage D004249 [DNA DAMAGE in vivo. , Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS. ]
DNA Degradation, Necrotic D053836 [The random catabolism of DNA accompanying the irreversible damage to tissue which leads to the pathological death of one or more cells. ]
DNA Demethylation D000073399 [Removal of methyl groups from DNA by enzymes (such as DIOXYGENASES and N-DEMETHYLASES) or by chemical reagents. ]
DNA End-Joining Repair D059766 [The repair of DOUBLE-STRAND DNA BREAKS by rejoining the broken ends of DNA to each other directly. ]
DNA Fingerprinting D016172 [A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population. ]
DNA Footprinting D018983 [A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed) ]
DNA Fragmentation D053938 [Splitting the DNA into shorter pieces by endonucleolytic DNA CLEAVAGE at multiple sites. It includes the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which along with chromatin condensation, are considered to be the hallmarks of APOPTOSIS. ]
DNA Glycosylases D045647 [A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA. ]
DNA Gyrase D027081 [One of the two subunits in DNA gyrase. , A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase. ]
DNA Helicases D004265 [Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands. ]
DNA Ligase ATP D000072481 [ATP-dependent cellular enzyme which catalyzes DNA replication, repair and recombination through formation of internucleotide ester bonds between phosphate and deoxyribose moieties. Vertebrate cells encode three well-characterized DNA ligases, DNA ligase I, III and IV, all of which are related in structure and sequence. DNA ligases either require ATP or NAD. However, archaebacterial, viral, and some eubacterial DNA ligases are ATP-dependent. ]
DNA Ligases D011088 [Poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide)ligases. Enzymes that catalyze the joining of preformed deoxyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage during genetic processes during repair of a single-stranded break in duplex DNA. The class includes both EC 6.5.1.1 (ATP) and EC 6.5.1.2 (NAD). ]
DNA Methylation D019175 [Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor. ]