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DNA Replication
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D004261 |
[The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.
] |
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DNA Replication Timing
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D042522 |
[The temporal order in which the DNA of the GENOME is replicated.
] |
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DNA Restriction Enzymes
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D004262 |
[Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
] |
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DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes
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D015280 |
[Systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease. They are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species. The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site. The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage.
] |
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DNA Sequence, Unstable
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D043243 |
[A region of DNA that is highly polymorphic and is prone to strand breaks, rearrangements or other MUTATIONS because of the nature of its sequence. These regions often harbor palindromic, or repetitive sequences (REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID). Variability in stability of the DNA sequence is seen at CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES.
] |
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DNA Shuffling
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D032621 |
[The use of DNA recombination (RECOMBINATION, GENETIC) to prepare a large gene library of novel, chimeric genes from a population of randomly fragmented DNA from related gene sequences.
] |
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DNA Topoisomerase IV
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D027101 |
[A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Topoisomerase IV binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting 2 parC and 2 parE subunits. Topoisomerase IV is a decatenating enzyme that resolves interlinked daughter chromosomes following DNA replication.
, One of the two subunits in DNA topoisomerase IV.
] |
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DNA Topoisomerases
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D026942 |
[Enzymes that regulate the topology of DNA by actions such as breaking, relaxing, passing, and rejoining strands of DNA in cells. These enzymes are important components of the DNA replication system. They are classified by their substrate specificities. DNA TOPOISOMERASE I enzymes act on a single strand of DNA. DNA TOPOISOMERASE II enzymes act on double strands of DNA.
] |
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DNA Topoisomerases, Type I
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D004264 |
[DNA TOPOISOMERASES that catalyze ATP-independent breakage of one of the two strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strand through the break, and rejoining of the broken strand. DNA Topoisomerases, Type I enzymes reduce the topological stress in the DNA structure by relaxing the superhelical turns and knotted rings in the DNA helix.
] |
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DNA Topoisomerases, Type II
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D004250 |
[DNA TOPOISOMERASES that catalyze ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. These enzymes bring about relaxation of the supercoiled DNA and resolution of a knotted circular DNA duplex.
] |
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DNA Transformation Competence
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D061269 |
[The ability of bacterial cells to take up exogenous DNA and be genetically transformed by it.
] |
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DNA Transposable Elements
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D004251 |
[Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
] |
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DNA Tumor Viruses
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D004263 |
[DNA viruses producing malignant tumors. Of the six major groupings of DNA viruses four contain members which are actually or potentially oncogenic: the Adenoviridae, the Herpesviridae, the Papovaviridae, and the Poxviridae.
] |
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DNA Virus Infections
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D004266 |
[Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.
] |
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DNA Viruses
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D004267 |
[Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.
] |
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DNA, A-Form
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D044704 |
[An isoform of DNA that occurs in an environment rich in SODIUM and POTASSIUM ions. It is a right-handed helix with 11 base pairs per turn, a pitch of 0.256 nm per base pair and a helical diameter of 2.3 nm.
] |
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DNA, Algal
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D048028 |
[Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of algae.
] |
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DNA, Ancient
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D000072441 |
[DNA isolated from fossils or other ancient specimens.
] |
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DNA, Antisense
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D016373 |
[DNA that is complementary to the sense strand. (The sense strand has the same sequence as the mRNA transcript. The antisense strand is the template for mRNA synthesis.) Synthetic antisense DNAs are used to hybridize to complementary sequences in target RNAs or DNAs to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
] |
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DNA, Archaeal
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D019641 |
[Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea.
] |
