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Reference Books
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D012013 |
[Books designed by the arrangement and treatment of their subject matter to be consulted for definite terms of information rather than to be read consecutively. Reference books include DICTIONARIES; ENCYCLOPEDIAS; ATLASES; etc. (From the ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
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Reference Books, Medical
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D012014 |
[Books in the field of medicine intended primarily for consultation.
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Reference Standards
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D012015 |
[A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.
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Reference Values
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D012016 |
[The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
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Referral and Consultation
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D012017 |
[The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.
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Reflex
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D012018 |
[An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
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D012019 |
[A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)
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Reflex, Abdominal
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D012020 |
[Contractions of the abdominal muscles upon stimulation of the skin (superficial abdominal reflex) or tapping neighboring bony structures (deep abdominal reflex). The superficial reflex may be weak or absent, for example, after a stroke, a sign of upper (suprasegmental) motor neuron lesions. (Stedman, 25th ed & Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p1073)
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Reflex, Abnormal
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D012021 |
[An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.
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Reflex, Acoustic
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D012022 |
[Intra-aural contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius in response to sound.
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Reflex, Babinski
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D001405 |
[A reflex found in normal infants consisting of dorsiflexion of the HALLUX and abduction of the other TOES in response to cutaneous stimulation of the plantar surface of the FOOT. In adults, it is used as a diagnostic criterion, and if present is a NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATION of dysfunction in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
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Reflex, Monosynaptic
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D012023 |
[A reflex in which the AFFERENT NEURONS synapse directly on the EFFERENT NEURONS, without any INTERCALATED NEURONS. (Lockard, Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)
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Reflex, Oculocardiac
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D012024 |
[Change of heartbeat induced by pressure on the eyeball, manipulation of extraocular muscles, or pressure upon the tissue remaining in the orbital apex after enucleation.
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Reflex, Pupillary
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D012025 |
[Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
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Reflex, Righting
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D057897 |
[The instinctive tendency (or ability) to assume a normal position of the body in space when it has been displaced.
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Reflex, Startle
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D013216 |
[A complex involuntary response to an unexpected strong stimulus. The reaction involves physical movement away from the stimulus, MUSCLE CONTRACTION and limb flexion, BLINKING, and changes in HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, and RESPIRATION.
, Startle reaction elicited by a sudden, unexpected auditory stimulus.
, A reflex found in normal infants, observed when the infant is startled or feels the sensation of falling and characterized by sudden extension of the arms. It is only seen in children and adults suffering from disorders of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and is distinct from the startle reflex found in normal children and adults.
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Reflex, Stretch
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D012026 |
[Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.
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Reflex, Trigeminocardiac
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D059230 |
[Trigeminocardiac reflex variant seen during TOOTH EXTRACTION procedures.
, Sudden occurrence of BRADYCARDIA or HEART ARREST induced by manipulations of the MAXILLARY NERVE AND MANDIBULAR NERVE during a craniomaxillofacial or oral surgery. It is the maxillary and mandibular variants of OCULOCARDIAC REFLEX.
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Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular
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D012027 |
[A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.
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Reflexotherapy
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D012028 |
[Treatment of some morbid condition by producing a reflex action, as in the household treatment of nosebleed by a piece of ice applied to the cervical spine. (Stedman, 27th ed)
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